The essence of the scientific evidence is, I think, that DPFs are effective at filtering the larger soot particles, but not finer particles (pollution maps including PMM estimates support this).
Variables include where regeneration takes place (town/country), and effectiveness of the PDF (from presence to technology; pre-2007 are worse), and what harm is being done.
All that is known is that deaths related to respiratory illness have gone up. Research suggests a strong link with diesel:
and this little lot (from Doctors Against Diesel):
Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution, The Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Paediatric and Child health (2016), available at:
Understanding the Health Impacts of Air Pollution in London, Kings College London (2015) available at:
Lethal and Illegal: Solving London?s Air Pollution Crisis, Institute of Public Policy Research (2016) Available at:
And this site seems to be on a mission:
I haven't found much evidence supporting the continued use of diesel. Even the SMT are on the fence - at best.