Attach/glue wood to concrete?

Buy a transition strip (_ T_ shape/end view ) to match the laminate floor color. Cut to size for each door; glue it in. Contact the laminate floor company/web site. Maybe a local shop.

I would plan on using a threshold that is pinned to the floor, probably with plastic anchors. Counterbore for plugs or countersink for flat head screws.

If you want something less obtrusive, you might look at the rubber products like this: look at adapters, transitions, and tracks for the type that snaps into a receiver like #152

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Liquid nails, acrylic caulk, etc. If you use either, be generous with them, weight down the wood till goop dries but clean off squeeze out while not dry. Acrylic cleans up with water.

Polyurethane construction adhesive in the caulking gun cartridge.

Mighty Putty!!

(Billy Mayes here.)

Two part slow cure epoxy adhesives are the gold standard for adhesion to concrete. Nothing else even comes close. Available from the usual construction supply sources, but for your limited use a boat shop would be better. No fancy artifacts needed, just clean dry surfaces, no concealing plugs, etc. HTH

Joe