But how big are they? It's all very well for T i m to suggest that there must be lots of appropriate sites around the world and all we need are dozens of trans-ocean interconnects to distribute it, but in reality there are very few sites.
On a previous occasion when this topic came up, in 2016, I posted several comments, reproduced here (Note that the Swansea Tidal Barrage has since been turned down by the Govt, and in fact The Severn Estuary and Morecambe Bay do not make a suitable combination because their tides are 6 hours apart, when 3 hours are what are needed; slack water will occur at roughly the same times in both places):
Tidal power stations perform best when built in places with a large tidal range. The Severn Estuary and Morecambe bay are among the best locations around the UK, with times of high and low water conveniently shifted so that the periods of slack water don't coincide. But there aren't too many other suitable places; possibly around The Wash and off the south-east coast, Folkstone/Hastings area, see
I assume that in areas with a lower tidal range, you have to enclose a larger area of water to get the same output as, for example, the Swansea scheme, or alternatively you just get less output in total. Either way your costs per MW of generation increase. Anyway, having to build extra tidal power stations to cover the gaps multiplies the cost of what is already an expensive system, £ per MW-wise. I certainly don't see where you're going to build fifty tidal lagoons of the capacity of Swansea to give an output equivalent to a nuke like Hinkley C.
And that's just tidal lagoons. Tidal flow turbines suffer the same four-times-a-day intermittency. While there are other places around the UK with reasonable tidal flows, none come close to those in the Pentland Firth, see
I've now looked at results from La Rance near St. Malo in Brittany, and the world's largest tidal power station at Shiwa Lake in South Korea.
La Rance has a maximum capacity 240MW, and generates
540,000,000kWh/year, demonstrating just how much these people like to impress with their big numbers! It works out at an average rate of 61.6MW, giving a capacity factor of 25.7%Shiwa Lake is has a slightly bigger maximum capacity than La Rance, with a maximum capacity of 254MW. It is a one-way scheme, only generating on the flood tide, with water draining back out to sea through sluices. This is because it is part of a complex water management scheme. It generates 552.7GWh per annum, which equates to an average power output across the year of 63.1MW and a load factor of
24.8%. I'm a little surprised that Shiwa Lake does as well as it does, only generating on the flood tide. More atI came across an article with the intriguing title "Tidal giants - the world?s five biggest tidal power plants",