I think they sulfate when they are charged too quickly. After a battery is fully or mostly discharged, for whatever reason, people might put a 10 ot 20 or 50 amp charger on the battery, so they can get going quickly. Service stations are even more likely to do this. While lead is being deposited on the plates, particles of lead sulfate are trapped under the lead, It's covered, and not broken down into lead and sulfate (which combines to make sufuric acid).. Later, when the battery is being used again, the lead participates in making electricity, but the lead sulfate is a big dissappointment.
This is why I used to run the battery down by mistake, I would run the headlights and especially the fan motor while I was driving the car. To keep the battery from charging too quickly. I'm not sure how well this worked, (the ammeter seemed to show that the charging rate was only sllightly lower with these things running, but I figured even that slight amount would help, and I wasn't going to readjust the regulator for these rare occasions) but the problem is solved by your suggestion below, to use a trickle charger (which iirc is the same as a float charger.)
Good ideas. When I was doing this, I put the charger under the hood, near the battery, and ran the regular cord out through the grill. It was quick enough to plug and unplug from an extension cord.
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