It refers to the ill fated US Vanguard program where the US Navy tried to build a rocket to launch a satellite that was NOT an ICBM design Sputnik was circling the globe while Vanguard rockets were blowing up on the pad. They finally got it going after a few highly publicized failures on TV. In the mean time they dusted off a Redstone missile, painted NASA colors on it and lobbed one up there.