It's called a "mud room" and there are as many designs for them as there are homeowners. The sine qua non, however, is an easily cleanable floor.
The basic design is a knee-high shelf that doubles as a shoe rack and a seat for donning and doffing shoes. Hooks at eye height work best for coats, backpacks, and so forth. A shelf above that for briefcases, etc. Some mud rooms also have a waist-high shelf for grocery bags, etc.
A mud room can be as elaborate as you need it to be. The exceptional examples I've seen include a tile floor with center drain, and a small sprayer for washing outside material down the drain; a sink for cleaning shoes; and laundry equipment.
You'll want to locate it close to the family entrance. (The foyer evolved from the mud room.) You'll want to visually separate it from the living area. The rest is simply how ambitious you are and how much space you've got to work with.
--Jay