Only to a limited extent, I fear. For example, you have to understand an awful lot of things about ingredients to get near knowing what the relative abundance of various sugars is even likely to be. I am not convinced that all sugars can validly be treated as being equivalent so this can be important.
There are lots of different sugars - simple and complex. And the way they are handled by our guts, including the bacteria and fungi, and the rest of our bodies can have profound effects.