That's not how a typical specification reads
It's 2.5% of the amperage being measured (what's being displayed). So if you are measuring 100mA that part of the error would be +/-2.5mA
But what kills the accuracy at low currents is the +/- 5 digits.
If the lowest range was 40A full scale and the meter had a resolution of
2 decimal places then this error would be +/-50mA and if the meter only had a resolution to 1 decimal place this error would be 500mA.As you indicate, other factors may play some part in the measurement with a clamp meter and attempting to measure 10mA on a meter with a lowest full scale range of 40A is probably an exercise in futility.
The positioning of the wire(s) within the clamp opening can also increase the inaccuracy of the reading especially if the wires are much smaller than the opening.
The cheap clamp meters read AC current and not DC as would be seen from the steady state drain current from a battery.