If you mean using both internal and external speakers at the same time, and adjusting only the volume of the internal ones, that would probably work - but the mute button would only mute the internal speakers, and the external ones would carry on.
No! The audio out is a low level signal from a high (several K-ohm) impedance source, and needs to go into an amplifier. To drive passive speakers you need to be able to deliver much higher currents from a very low (a few ohms) impedance source.