Just had a gander at the question which has caused all the fuss, and is it just me, or is it quite doable ? True I know **** all about "peasant economies" or "1-person-cities", and I am making an educated guess at "output" and "co-ordination costs", but overall it seems a straightforward mathematical proposition - certainly not out of place in a degree.
It doesn't seem a case of whether or not it is out of place in a degree per se.
The argument from some of the student seems to be that some of the questions (including the one quoted) had not been covered by the course and that the mathematical content had not been covered.
The university don't agree.
From the outside it's hard to make any kind of useful judgement on who is correct though
Well, I teach economics* on Geography courses at university, and IME:
Whether it's covered - simply don't know. The tricky parts are things like 'coordination costs'. But that's not difficult, it's just the terminology - to emphasise that societies are 'cheaper' with things like modern telecommunications and transport.
On maths, I don't see the need to do a single calculation, much less 'calculate this, differentiate that'. It is not maths-based, it expects the students to understand the relationship between variables.
not for much longer, at least that type of economics.
I don't see the need for any maths calculation in that question - simply understanding what ^0.5, >1 mean etc. It even says 'provide intuition'. I suppose a student could have gone to town with hypothetical numbers, or even real data, but I doubt it.
I think it was written to stretch the more able and engaged students - it doesn't need much more than literacy. It's highly unlikely that the question was mandatory - students usually choose from a list (3 from 8 type thing).
Perhaps they think that economics consists of sitting around yacking. After all, assuming they even bother to watch the news, what they see is the likes of Stephanie Flanders, Evan Davies, and Robert Peston apparently doing just that.
(well *we* know, and the named individuals above know, that there's more to it than that)
No, but not all the students may have done A level maths. And that question was only one example , others were complained about.
No. But my point was that from the outside, it's hard to judge who is most correct since we don't know the course entry requirements, and the course contents.
And c*ck ups do happen, I remember at from my Uni days that an exam (from another dept) did have some questions that weren't in the course (change of course content I think, somehow old and new stuff got in there). It was an end of year exam or something, not directly contributing to the degree, and something got sorted out.
During one of my Finals, hands started to go up from the Physics students (they mixed subjects up to help try and prevent cheating) and I subsequently found out that due to an error one of the questions on their paper really couldn't be answered. If they had shown the correct direction in their workings, they got full marks for the question.
It doesn't look like its a difficult problem. Maybe if you haven't done any maths it would be a problem. Anyone that's done enough maths to do a physics degree wouldn't have a problem.
I suppose that in the days of answering multiple choice questions and expecting the question to have actually been covered in class it may be a problem for some.
The phrase "coordination costs" probably means the opposite - that the more people you have in a city, the more you get inefficiencies through congestion, pollution, crime etc.
Well that's maths based. But simple maths.
To reach a reasonable solution of the problem ISTM you have to do the following:
Assume that per capita consumption is equal to per capita output minus per capita coordination cost; construct the formula according to what you've been told in the question; and draw a graph of it. This is basic economics and O-level maths.
Notice that the graph has a maximum presumably corresponding to what the examiners call the optimum city size. To find this maximum, differentiate the formula in (2), set it to zero and solve the resulting equation for N. This is very basic A-level maths and I would be surprised if anyone was accepted onto an economics course without having that. That said, one of my sons did a postgraduate degree on economics without having A-level maths.
Set N~1 for a peasant economy (as the examiners tell you to do) and derive the resulting relationship between sigma and gamma. That's O-level maths.
The only tricky part of the question is the last sentence, the answer to which lies in descriptions of agricultural and industrial revolutions, natural resource exploitation, technological progress, the development of democracy, mass education, international trade, population explosions, migration and the limits to growth. You could write a book on it, and many people have.
Co-ordination costs are a sub-set of transaction costs. They relate to the cost of co-ordinating the various parts of an economic exchange; making sure that goods you want are on the market and negotiating a deal to buy them, for example. If you have to walk around the city to find every supplier to get quotations, the co-ordination costs are going be a lot higher than if you can look them up on the internet and bulk email them all.
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