Winter frost protection - unsophisticated heating - recommendations

Jan 03, 2019 Last reply: 7 years ago 23 Replies

Having got the CH working properly again, I now have to consider frost protection over the next few months. The house will be occupied on an irregular basis. Insurance cover is good for up to 60 days between overnight stops but probably there will be shorter periods than that.



The house is a large bungalow. Externally it is stone (real or reconstituted; don't know how to tell the difference). Looking inside the garage the inner skin is breeze block or similar. Measuring the stone blocks and the breeze blocks at corners I suspect that there is no cavity, although the house is fairly modern.



Suspended wooden floors. Double glazing, quite a large glass area including a sun lounge with no internal doors.



The heating is primitive. Old style gas boiler which I suspect is pre-1980s (given that it is similar to the boiler that was in the house we bought in 1984).



Radiators without TRVs. Single thermostat in the hall near the front door.



Hot water/cold water header tanks. These appears to be above the airing cupboard which also contains the boiler. There are vents in the floor and vents in the ceiling so I am assuming that this supplies hot air to keep the loft tanks from freezing during winter. The level of loft insulation looks adequate.



I have looked at (and am still trawling through) various sets of advice on frost protection.



The consensus seems to be to keep the heating running continuously at a low thermostat setting. This in preference to running the heating at a higher temperature for short periods because in extreme cold it is possible for pipes to freeze between short bursts of heat. I assume you would have to have a very clear view of the rate of heat loss before you could safely select an intermittent timer and temperature to ensure you always put as much heat in as was lost once down to a frost protect temperature.



The issue here is what temperature to select. Modern, efficient, fancy systems with Honeywell thermostats seem to have 5C as frost protect. This seems reasonable if you have a combi with no cold water pipes in the loft. However the chosen set temperature in the "online advice" varies from 5C to about 15C.


(1) Which temperature would the team recommend?


Should anything go seriously wrong and a pipe freeze, burst and then thaw there could be serious water damage.



Draining the system is not an option because the house needs to be usable at short notice by people who may not have the technical savvy to safely refill then drain the system. This also prevents a quick visit for most of the day having a comfortable temperature.



There are recommendations to turn the cold water off at the mains. This seems sensible; any downsides? This leaves the system full of water but limits the amount of cold water that can flow and cause damage to the contents of the loft tanks.


(2) Any reason not to turn off the cold mains. With, obviously, clear instructions about turning on and off for visitors?


My main concern is that I suspect the mains stop tap may not have been touched for decades so there is a chance of some kind of failure if I use it now. Sleeping dogs etc. Although it would be good to know that it could be turned off if there was a burst.



Any advice/experience more than welcome.



Cheers


Dave R


I'd be a little concerned about keeping the gas heating on as the old boiler presumably with a pilot could blow out and leave you unprotected.

Try a radical thought of a frost stat operating the immersion heater and pump to leak a little warmth through all the radiators and up to the underside of the header tank.

idea 2 Connect the system to the interweb so you can remotely check the temperature and the pilot status and put the heating on low if needed. If then the pilot is out, a visit (or help from a neighbour) might be needed.

Bob

10 deg C is a temperature which will protect furnishings from damp damage as well as protecting against freezing pipes. It is also not expensive to maintain.

Depends how easy it is to get at the stopcock. You might want to look at

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(and others similar) or
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The latter makes it very easy for temporary occupants to turn the main water supply on and off without having to excavate cupboards to find the stopcock which, following the immutable law of Sod will be stuck anyway.

You could also put a Surestop on the outlet from the loft tank

It is far better to know the stopcock is stuck or faulty before you have to do the job in cold floodwater.

Thanks - however the solutions suggested by both Peter and Bob require time, money and tools.

For context, I intend to leave the house on Sunday and have lots of other things to do as well.

So any new wiring and plumbing is out.

There is a friendly neighbour who can pop in to check all is well from time to time, which should solve the pilot light issue.

Cheers

Dave R

Check your insurance - mine says to leave it on 15C min if away over winter (defined dates).

Mine used to require 15C, but this year's policy says 13C.

David submitted this idea :

I would suggest...

  1. Stop tap turned off, but if there is a leak or some evaporation, the header tank will need occasional topping up. Have your neighbour turn it on occasionally. He/she should be able to tell by the noise of water flowing, how often it might need to be turned on to top things up. Additionally, with stop tap off, open all taps, so as to drain pipework down.

  1. Set the room stat to 5C (or have a frost stat installed) with heating clock set for always on.

  2. Install a second frost stat., wired to a lamp, which would be visible to your neighbour from his/her home to signal a problem. Stat. might need some tweaking so it doesn't false report.

The hot water system could also be drained down, if the supply to its header tank is isolated.

It's daft really - clearly 15C is set with pipes in an uninsulated cold loft in mind.

If your pipes are all inside an insulated envelope, you could manage with 5C give or take.

Problem is, the insurers have you by the nads if you need to make a claim...

OTOH, if you have a gas boiler in an insulated house, leaving the heating on 15C for a couple of weeks holiday is not going to cost much.

If you live in a stone shack in the north of Scotland, you might be better draining down for a non trivial break away.

I've looked through the PDF (using find) but can't find a specific temperature.

I've emailed the broker to check.

Cheers

Dave R

Not all policies have this, but I've seen it in two, so it is worth checking :)

I'd be inclined to add a second thermostat to protect against frost only and hold the interior at a nominal 8C. There is one in my loft which brings the system online when the interior roof space gets below 4C.

Check your insurance to make sure they don't specify a minimum thermostat temperature in winter when away from the premises.

It depends a bit on how much thermal inertia your building has and how many airchanges per hour in a howling gale. That is the worst case scenario for freezing. You should look for any exposed pipes that lack insulation and could be in the path of an outside draft - that is how all the freeze problems I have ever seen arose during a blizzard.

You would have to do some experiments. Does the site have internet? You could leave a wireless temperature monitor so you can keep an eye on what is happening remotely. Old boilers do sometimes play up in winter gales which would leave you unprotected.

The coldest part of the night is typically just before dawn so when the house is empty that is the point where you need some heating on.

Likewise during the day on a fine day you have solar heating.

That is an understatement. I have seen what a flat that flooded until the exterior door could no longer hold the water back and failed catastrophically did to the door at the bottom of the stairwell.

I would be a bit wary of having the heating on and no cold mains feed.

It might be as well to establish that you can turn the water off.

Remember the cold winter 9 years ago?

A couple with a solid fuel boiler went abroad for Christmas. A kind neighbour let himself in 3 hours before they were due back home and lit the boiler so that they would be warm when they got in. The resulting explosion due to the frozen pipes caused about £10K of damage.

5C is normally enough. It might well be worth having a secondary electrical backup set to below the gas CH temp. Built-in fan heater stats & plug-in stats are very inaccurate.

There is some tendency with boilers from that era for the pilot flame gas valve to stick open. Then if the flame blows out, gas keeps being emitted. Not a significant hazard if it's room sealed, but many weren't.

NT

I have a small, cheap wireless "weather station" that listens to a temperature sender in the garden.

Provided your neighbour is close enough, there's no reason such a sender should not go in your house, with the receiver somewhere convenient for your neighbour. That being the case, they could easily do a daily check that your CH is still running just by looking at the display.

I *think* I have seen ones with temperature alarms (but careful, some only alarm on humidity and many have alarm *clocks*).

Failing that, I'd consider implementing a "light in the window" connected to a thermostat.

Leave central heating on It's possible to buy a thermostat with a "frost" setting. Make sure all radiators are on. To stop water pipes freezing leave taps dripping (assuming no water meter) This brings sufficient water through the pipe to stop freezing.

When my father died in 1995, I rigged up a frost stat to his heating system. What I didn't know was that Edinburgh had one of the coldest winters (-20°F_ and the bo°iler ourput was nowhere near enough to keep the house warm. The watertank froze solid!

If there is a back-up heater make sure it is on a different circuit to the main heating so that if a circuit breaker trips you don't lose both heating systems at the same time. If you have RCDs then have primary and secondary heating on separate RCDs.

John

(snip)

+1 for a thermostatically controlled fan heater as backup. Cheap and reliable. All that is needed is the thermostat to come on a degree /below/ the room stat temperature. That way, if the room stat and boiler are working correctly, the fan heater will not come on, and you won't be paying for "wasted" electricity. I wouldn't go as low as 5C for the room stat though; there may be pipes elsewhere which may already be near freezing point while the main room is at 5C.

It happens that Jeff Layman formulated :

Then you make a point of installing the 5C stat at the coldest likely location.

And how do you do that? It will depend on which way the wind is blowing, which windows/doors have draughts coming through, where any insulation is good or bad, etc. And it's an old house with the thermostat in the hall. If the sun comes though on a clear day when its -5C outside and warms the thermostat, the heating won't come on while the rest of the house freezes.

If the OP wants to fit a wireless stat, fine. But it will cost money, and won't be of use until you find the coldest place in the house in which to place it, and keep it out of the sun.

As a further point, I would check the loft insulation (which the OP said looked adequate) and ensure it covers any water pipes. It would also be worth covering the tops and sides of the tanks with insulation or old blankets if they haven't been covered.

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