The RCD would still not see the imbalance. Whether you would get the appearance of a functioning neutral via an alternative path (through earth, extraneous conductive parts included in the bonding etc will depend on the circumstances, soil conditions, how far from neighbours etc).
If there is no earth spike, no earthed metal connected via main bonding conductors, then you might get a truly disconnected and hence "floating" neutral at the main cutout.
No circuit will function, but all the earthed metalwork in the house will rise to mains potential. Hopefully you are in an equipotential zone that means you can't touch anything at real earth, and you won't notice!