Two pitched roofs meet at a right angle and form a valley. At the eaves of these roofs are gutters (eave troughs) that meet at a right angle at the bottom of the valley. On the inside of that angle, on the side of the gutters furthest from the eaves, there is a piece of sheet metal bent in a right angle and fastened inside the gutters and going perpendicular to the ground.
You see this piece of metal a lot, and it's called a deflector. Apparently it's to divert a deluge of water coming down the valley. This time of the year over here in the mid-northern latitudes, there's often a pile of leaves behind the deflector. I would think whatever help it might give in diverting water is out weighed by the disadvantage of collecting leaves and thus promoting clogs.