Marketing can be over rated. I think I would still go to McDonalds if they did NO advertising.
It all depends on your market niche. I was a steel erection contractor. I had the smallest yellow page ad you could get. I was AAA Welding, but they still messed up the alphabet and put me farther back in the listings rather at the first a few times over the years.
I targeted the businesses I wanted to have as customers. I realized the size I wanted to grow to. I achieved that, and upon selling the business had 275 apartment projects and companies as steady clients. I can remember getting only one good contact from the yellow pages, that one being U-Haul that I went on to do all their carport repair work for.
Most people who called me from the yellow pages were tirekickers, and homeowners who cried when I told them how much I wanted to send a truck, two experienced men and $25,000 worth of equipment to their house for a couple of hours to fix their problems. And their conversation usually started with, "I need you to come finish a job that some unlicensed person flaked out on."
Referrals were the best. Good customers referring other good customers. And managers that transferred from property to property, and called me from each.
I did a good job. I was on time. I didn't overcharge. I guaranteed my work 100%, and if there was a problem, it was put to the top of the list, and I didn't tell people they had to wait a week.
The last year in business myself and one helper had a gross intake of $334k. The man who bought the business went out into all directions of modifications and new services and new things, bigger building, new car for wifey, new trucks, and lasted three years before going bankrupt. He drove a new truck every year, and advertised on TV, something I never considered.
Marketing is a great thing if you're selling advertising.
Steve