I agree with your sums on the various layers - I hadn't thought of that but I can tell you from personal experience that some metal capping can stop a masonary drill bit. I knew I was drilling very close to cables - a real precision job - but I forgot to allow for the flange of the capping, the bit that sticks out sideways and goes against the wall. It acted much as Laura has described but add on the effect of me swearing because I thought I'd got my sums wrong and drilled into the cappinga bove the cable.
One other thing I've not seen metioned by others is to check with the OP that it's not simply that the battery powered drill is running low on charge. If you're not experienced with a cordless drill that might go un-noticed and could well give the effect, especially if she's just got to the brick layer.
Another trick which might help is to start with the smallest drill bit and work up to the required size. It's generally not good form to drill a pilot hole in this way in masonary but if you're stuck with a crappy underpowered drill it can help to reduce the load to something the drill can cope with.