Frank wrote:
Vinegar is amazing with mineral build-up, but you have to let it soak for quite a while - several hours to a couple days. What I would recommend is if you are going away for a weekend or otherwise traveling for a few days, turn the water supply off on the toilet, flush it until you have little-to-no water left in the bowl, pour in a few cups of vinegar, close the bathroom door and leave.
When you come home, use the toilet bowl brush to dislodge any stubborn bits of mineral, turn on the water and flush. You should get rid of most, if not all, of the mineral build-up. If there's anything left, try one of the milder cleansers such as Bon Ami...I would stay away from the chemical cleansers at first, just because I'm not sure how they'd react with the vinegar (which is basically acetic acid) and what fumes might be created. After a couple flushes you might be OK to use the chemical cleaners.
I did this recently with my shower head, which had a TERRIBLE calcium build-up, and the vinegar worked like a dream.