Animals do not categorise the world in the same way that we do. And almost certainly not consciously either.
We have no idea what a world comprised largely of smell and hearing, as opposed to eyesight, feels like to inhabit.
Certainly individual engine *types* can be readily categorised by sound. And who knows what else a cat or dog hears? a particular rattle, or the ticking of a stone in the tyre, or even the way its being driven, aggressively, or in an 'almost home' sort of way.
As to sense beyond the conventionally recognised, almost certainly. We are electrical antenna with a massively weird neural network. Habitually we are too busy talking to ourselves to listen to it though.