Having tracked down the company that made these wedges for UPVC doors and windows, plus had a quick email exchange with them. The wedges are called 'riser blocks' and they are supposed to be installed.
Idea is that they help keep the door supported and centralised in the frame as it closes and when closed. Obviously the professional window installers (one of the big companies) were not aware of their purpose and intention, because they just chucked the riser block loose in the frame bottom.
Windowwidgets has kindly volunteered to send me some spare blocks, free of charge following my enquiry.