Not really, it depends on how your define urban/built up area. If buildings have less than 1/4 of a mile of clear open space between them it's urban/built up to me. B-)
On motorways the average traffic levels appear to dictate if it's lit or not. The M6 is lit all round Manchester and probably all the way down to the M1 but going north the illumination stops after the M55 to Blackpool (or maybe after Lancaster). It suddenly gets rather dark, they don't run the illumination down in level it just stops.
Or not fast enough. Cars with downforce have a middle range of speeds at which the tyre and gravity alone wont hold them to the road, and there isn't enough downforce either.
However that aside, it was you that raised the straw man. You said anyone can drive fast, not anyone can crash fast.
It's odd on this side of the country. North of the Tees util the two meet, the A19(dual carriageway) and the A1(M) run in parallel. the A19 is almost completely lit, whereas teh A1(M) is rather dark in places. Given the choice I chose the A19.
The A1 is (certainly in rush hour) the busier (and is illuminated only around Tyneside).
A few years ago, I asked this question of a chap from TRL who I meet very occasionally. Traffic levels do figure, but it's not that simple. It depends on the expected accident levels when the motorway was built or at last major refit. But it also depends how much money is available and if it runs out before the job is completed (as happened on some dark sections of the M25 which were supposed to be lit). Streetlamps do make a significant contribution to accident reduction particularly at intersections, but going in and out of lit areas itself does seem to raise accident rates, so you can't just put them at the odd accident blackspot.
I suspect the economics may be changing too. 20 years ago, they were in effect almost free to run in terms of power, as they used the spare overnight capacity of our nuclear plant which was otherwise wasted. This isn't true anymore and they do cost a lot to run nowadays. As I often do motorway runs at 2am and find the roads empty with thousands of lamps lighting my way into the distance, I do wonder how long that may continue.
Until some climate scientist works out the death rate from GW and convinces the government that it will be higher than the death rate from dark roads? Not that any climate scientist will want to state how many deaths are going to happen when its all just *if* ATM.
I feel the lighting level is often excessive, and a reduction to 25% of current levels would hardly be noticed. I feel the transition between lit and unlit sections should be extended by am area of in between levels, to enable eyes (and speeds) to get adjusted to the new levels.
I notice they've reduced the lighting levels in some underpasses round here with the result that, on a sunny day, you can't see a damned thing until your eyes adjust
I find any preaching to me by government that I shoudl use low-E lightbulbs and unplug my TV at night to be complete hogwash while the country spends millions on lighting up the sky and creating light pollution. A ban on all street and architectural lighting might just convince me that they were serious rather than simply looking for excuses to raise taxation.
You need to tell any one of the organisations who use the term differently from you as they obviously don't know as much about such things as yourself (NB not a mention of "speed limits")
ROSPA : Driving too fast for the conditions is a major cause of crashes.
Roadsafe: Driving Too Fast Kills More People Than Any Other Traffic Law Violation
RAC: When asked what their biggest fears were on motorways respondents cited: 15 per cent - motorists driving too fast
AA Foundation for Road Safety Research: A failure that increased the likelihood of the accident happening : Driving too fast for the situation
UK Transport Research Laboratory: humps cause discomfort to vehicle occupants if their vehicle is traveling too fast.
The only definitions that have any significance, are those in the Road Traffic Acts. The rest are irrelevant because the organisations that you mention have little to no influence on driver behaviour.
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