Why do circuit breakers go up for on and down for off?

Issue is worse, since it has other meanings like the issue number of a magazine, or "I issue you with a warning".

In article snipped-for-privacy@4ax.com, John Larkin snipped-for-privacy@highlandSNIPMEtechnology.com scribeth thus

Lookup "Vocoder" in GSM telephony...

You must live where the mains is around 50 volts i expect;!.

If you had 230 across from one hand to the other gripped around something conductive then just maybe you'd still be able to let go with that lizard skin;!..

Never seen a 50 ma one has anyone?..

How?..

My family drove cross country in '52. When we got to the plains my father would carefully record the mileage when he first spotted a grain elevator in the next town. In an hour of so you finally got there.

No mud flats in my youth, only heavily wooded terminal moraines we called hogbacks. I'd read articles about 300 yard shots in Field & Stream and it wouldn't compute.

There are a couple of dog walking services here. I think I've seen a few in action on trails or else the person couldn't make up their mind on a breed and were trying one of everything.

I can sympathize with the ones that are white around the muzzle and as old as I am in dog years bringing up the rear of the pack, or I should say trailing the pack by 50 yards.

That was quite an adventure in 1952. Start out with a brand new car and you get to the other coast four oil changes later and probably need a ring job.

No, it would not. It would be around 5kbps

Shannon is about digital communication of *information* , not Nyquist's sampling theorem.

The *information* rate on speech is far far less than the bandwidth needed to accurately reproduce it. Which is why it can be compressed at all.

With a speech synthesiser and a speech to text analyser you could probably get speech down to about 50 bps. It would lack nuance, but would be comprensible

Stripped of constants and caveats Shannon says that you can get no more bits per second down a channel than the channel bandwidth times the signal to noise ratio.

All the fancy modulation schemata are simply ways to approach that given a particular channel degradation .

Nyquists theorem is about how many bits it takes at what frequency to

Ex of digital signal processing - as on say a CD - that's a lot for full audio. But speech and music are *not* arbitrary. Quite the reverse. The actual signal does not - except in the case of white noise - carry anything like the information rate implied by the data rate. And the lack of high energy high frequencies means that very simple algorithmns like delta encoding can drastically reduce the rate needed at the expnse of truncating very high frequenciy transients. A cymbal clash for example.

And the human ear does not do phase very well. Yu can dor fouurier transforms and resynthesise to audio and lose all pahse coherence and you wont notce it.

Hnce the MP3.

Yes. I used to walk the dogs down a path adjoining farmland and private woodland and the farmers were quite happy to let the dogs s*it anywhere. There was no requirement to collect poop, and if it wasn't dog, there were plenty of foxes badgers deer, feral ferret, stoat, weasels and rabbit and hare poop you could step in.

I mean, this is the f****ng COUNTRYSIDE. It's full of poop. After a week something would have eaten it anyway and recycled it.

Unless its been carefully scooped placed in a vile green non biodegradable plastic bag and hung on a tree.

The patterns of distinct colours confuse perception. If you don't see the colours as distinct, you won't be confused.

I said "Sampling Theorem" above, namely

Per the sampling theorem, 3.5 KHz audio needs to be sampled at about 7 KHz. Digitized to 8 bits, probably companded, that's a data rate around 60 Kbps.

Voice has redundancies and patterns and silences so can be sent at much lower bit rates. Utimately one could recognize words and send voice at maybe 50 bits per second.

Are they leaving it on the trail, where people who don't look where they are going step in it?

No, they hang it on tree branches, because there are no doggie bins for miles.

Sounds like my lawn (garden) as the snow melts. The largest fraction is from deer but the cats, raccoons, and odd coyote contribute. The skunks don't wander around much in the winter so I can't blame them.

Well it can, and it can't.

If you want something a human can't tell from the original it can.

If you want a 100% accurate reproduction it can't.

Andy

No, they carefully place the offerings along side the trail. I once entertained the fantasy that they would pick the bag up when they came back down the trail but I don't think that ever happens.

Don't even suggest that.

Not convinced that that is even possible.

Actually it can there too.

As someone pointed out, silence isn't a very high data rate. Audio does not fully populate the entire spectrum, energy wise. Ther is room to squish.

FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, an audio format similar to MP3, but lossless, meaning that audio is compressed in FLAC without any loss in quality. This is similar to how Zip works, except with FLAC you will get much better compression because it is designed specifically for audio, and you can play back compressed FLAC files in your favorite player (or your car or home stereo, see supported devices) just like you would an MP3 file.

FLAC stands out as the fastest and most widely supported lossless audio codec, and the only one that at once is non-proprietary, is unencumbered by patents, has an open-source reference implementation, has a well documented format and API, and has several other independent implementations.