Your problem is that the tile-store guy was an idiot for selling you mastic to install such large tiles, and the HD person was an idiot for for selling you that "membrane". But don't feel bad...it happens everywhere- everyday.
Ideally you should have used cementboard or hardibacker board, but "greenboard" or otherwise called MR drywall should be OK for many years. With a large tile over 8x8, you should have used multi-purpose thinset. "Greenboard", or MR drywall, has a moisture resistant paper on the surface, which is what you were trying to achieve with the membrane. I've tore out hundreds of rotted tubs and showers made with it, so it isn't a first choice.
Membrane or not, the mastic needs to air dry and cannot. It has probably dried around the perimeter of the tiles enough to hold them, and if no water gets behind them, they probably would never fall off. Suction will hold them, but if moisture ever gets back there the mastic will turn to mush, so I hope you did a solid grout job.
The mystery is this "membrane", and whether mastic will stick to it. Multi-purpose mastic is pretty sticky stuff, and probably you will be OK. I wouldn't take it apart at this point. Get a box fan or something and keep a fan on it for several weeks. My guess is by knocking on it, you can tell where it is bonded and where it is not. For now the moisture will have to escape out through the joints, so having a fan on, or A/C on, will dry out the bathroom air and draw the moisture out.
But......it will take a long time.
thetiler