couldn't this happen anyway "if something goes wrong with the ground" ? after all, they are connected together in the panel, if something goes wrong on one neutral, all other neutrals and grounds will equally suffer.
Take the OPs situation. It's a dark and stormy night, there's rain water everywhere. You've used the ground as a neutral. A squirrel chews thru the ground wire between the shed and the panel.
And the pump quits for some reason. If it's a 120V pump, it'd quit simply because the ground is gone.
So, you tramp out into the dark and stormy night, flick the light switch "Ah nuts, the bulb's blown", lean over and touch the pump.
The next thing you hear is harp strings. Because the hot wire fed thru the bulb, into the now "disconnected from the panel" grounding system in the shed, and hence to the pump housing. You touch it completing the circuit thru all the wet stuff, and you're dead. Probably didn't draw enough current to even make the bulb flash.
Instead, if it's wired properly and the ground separates, the ground is at worst "floating", and touching the pump housing will not give you a shock unless something else is also wrong.
In other words, using the ground as a neutral (or vice-versa) means you're betting your life that that that one wire remains connected.
To make the hazard doubly clear, by connecting the neutral and ground together, that's implicitly connecting everything "grounded" to one side of the circuit in a vastly more hazardous way than that one neutral-ground interconnect in the panel.[*]
When wired properly (separate ground and neutral), at _least_ two faults are needed to make it dangerous (a ground separation _and_ a hot-ground short).
[*] but of course, ground/neutral (especially open service neutral) faults in the panel are extremely dangerous too. But the interconnect is essential if you want a hot-to-ground short to trip the breaker.
For electric shavers and portable electronics, it generally doesn't matter whether they're fed from 50 or 60hz. Induction motors and transformers care, but often not enough to worry about.
It would be interesting to understand the thought process that went into this requirement. Older versions of the NEC (I looked at a 1981 copy) prohibited 240 volts for circuits fused at 15 amps or less. The implication being that a 20 amp circuit was/is permitted to operate at
240 volts. This may explain why my inspector signed off on it.
a) wire up a 220v outlet, and use a travel converter, that works on
60Hz, to generate a small amount of 110.
b) wire up a 220v to 12vac transformer, and use 12 volt light bulbs, either the small halogen, or automotive bulbs, or get 12 volt bulbs for standard bases. The light switch and wiring can all be low voltage.
The second option sounds like the best one to me, as long as it isn't
110 volt power tools you want to run out there. This is like what they do for RV users, or battery run lights.
I sorta liked the 240 volt light bulb replies. So I found some 60 watt 240 volt bulbs from grainger.com and ordered them. John Hines comment made me unsure about their use. I like your suggest about a 220 volt outlet. I can just plug my 240 volt lamp into it when needed.
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