An Allentown house

[nicksanspam]

NREL says 800 Btu/ft^2 of sun (300 diffuse) falls on a south wall on an average 31.8 F December day with a 24.4 and 39.2 daily max and min in Allentown, near the PA Renewable Energy Festival, 9/22-23/07,

where I'll be talking about the system below at 2:30 on Saturday and Nathan Hurst will talk about his Mazda radiator solar heating experiments in Australia at 3:30 on Sunday.

Rich Komp (author of Practical Photovoltaics) will discuss energy-efficient food storage at 3:30 on Saturday and new PV developments at 4:30 on Sunday. We will all be exhibiting ourselves and a $35 1995 Mitsubishi 2.0 Eclipse radiator at an "Ask the Engineer" table near Booth 24 in the exhibit area.

If a house is 65 F on average indoors (eg 70 F for 12 hours per day and

60 for the other 12) and a frugal 300 kWh/mo of indoor electrical use provides 34K Btu of heat on an average day and a 4'x8'x3'-tall EPDM-lined plywood heat storage tank on the ground containing 4x8x3x62.33 = 5984 pounds of 140 F water warms the house using an 800 Btu/h-F radiator for 5 cloudy days until it cools to Tmin and the house thermal conductance is G Btu/h-F and we keep it 70 F on a 24.4 F morning, (Tmin-70)800 = (70-24.4)G makes Tmin = 70+0.057G.

On an average day, we need 24(65-31.8)G-34K = 796.8G-34K Btu of heat energy. If (140-Tmin)5984 = (140-(70+0.057G))5984 Btu = 5d(796.8-34K), G = 136 max, and Tmin = 78 F, and the house needs 74.4K Btu/day of non-electrical heat.

A 1024 ft^2 house with a 640 ft^2 loft might look like this, viewed in a fixed font:

. . . . . . . 12' 8'. . . 24' . . . . . . . . . . 8'. . . 8' . . . . . .......................... 32'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

If made entirely of Structural Insulated Panels (18 SIPs?) with R-value Rv and 1024 ft^2 of ceiling and 2304 ft^2 of walls and no air leaks, G = 136 = 3328ft^2/Rv makes Rv = 24 ft^2-F-h/Btu min; 8" R32 SIPs make G = 104. With good airsealing and 32 cfm of air leaks, we might have G = 136 Btu/h-F.

With 136 ft^2 of R30 walls and a 136/30 = 4.5 Btu/h-F conductance, the tank would supply 24h(140-65)4.5 = 8K Btu of house heat on an average day, leaving a need for 74.4K-8K = 66.4K Btu/day of solar air heat (line 150 in the calc below.) Sunspace air keeps the house 70 F during collection time and stores heat in the house mass (line 340) to keep it warm overnight as it cools from

70 F at dusk to 60 at dawn.

If 500 Btu/ft^2 of 250 Btu/ft^2 full sun arrives in 500/250 = 2 hours on a 6-hour solar collection day and 300/(6h-2h) = 75 Btu/h-ft^2 arrives in the other 4 hours, we can model AS ft^2 of $2/ft^2 Thermaglas Plus U0.58 twinwall polycarbonate "solar siding" with 80% solar transmission over a 1 foot air gap over a dark south wall like this, viewed in a fixed font:

0.8x250AS = 200A Btu/h 1/(0.58A) --- -------www---------- TSF |---|-->|---------- TSF | --- | - | 35+200A/(0.58A) = 380 F | - --- 1/(0.58A) | - - 35 F----www----- | -

TSF is a Thevenin equivalent (no load, stagnation) sunspace air temp in full sun. With A = 192 ft^2 (line 170) and a 140 F auto radiator and its 2 30 watt 1000 cfm 12 V fans to heat tank water:

RS TAF Q Btu/h 1/111 1/1000 | --- -------www-------www-----*------|-->|---- 65 F | --> | --- | 380 F I | | --- 4K Btu/h | | 1/800 140 F | - v --www---------| |--| | | -

We can collect 8K Btu/h of tank heat in 2 hours of full sun if the sunspace air temp TAF = 140 + 4K/800 = 145 F. At the same time, we can collect Q Btu/h of warm sunspace air. With RSER = RS + 1/1000 = 1/100 and I = (380-145)/RSER = 23.5K Btu/h (6.9 kW at $55K, for PV fans :-), Q = I-4K = 19.5K Btu/h.

In diffuse sun, we have:

0.8x75x192 = 11.5K Btu/h 1/111 --- -------www-------- TSD |---|-->|---------- TSD | --- | - | 35+60/0.58 = 138 F | - --- 1/0.58 | - - 35 F----www----- | - And: TAD 1/111 | 1/1000 -------www---------www----- 65 F | ----> | 138 F I --- - | -

I = (138-65)/RSER = 7300 Btu/h. We collected 2Q = 39K Btu of the 66.4K/day air heat in full sun. We can collect the rest in (66.4K-39K)/I = HDIFF < 4 hours, so 4 4&#39;x12&#39; sheets of twinwall suffices. We could verify this with a simple simulation using NREL&#39;s Allentown TMY2 weather file with measured hourly weather data for a Typical Meteorological Year.

20 TAVG=31.8&#39;24-hour Dec temp in Allentown (F) 30 TMAX=39.2&#39;average daily max (F) 40 TDAY=(TMAX+TAVG)/2&#39;average daytime temp (F) 50 GSUN=800&#39;south wall global sun (Btu/ft^2-day) 60 DSUN=300&#39;south wall diffuse sun (") 70 FSUN=GSUN-DSUN&#39;south wall full sun (") 80 HSUN=FSUN/250&#39;full sun hours 90 HDAY=6&#39;daytime hours 100 GHOUSE=136&#39;house conductance (Btu/h-F) 110 HHOUSE=24*(65-TAVG)*GHOUSE&#39;average day house heat (Btu) 120 UELEC=300&#39;indoor electrical use (kWh/mo) 130 HELEC=3412*UELEC/30&#39;electrical heat gain (Btu/day) 140 HTANK=8000&#39;tank heat (Btu/day) 150 ESSA=HHOUSE-HELEC-HTANK&#39;sunspace air energy (Btu/day) 160 PRINT HHOUSE,HELEC,HTANK,ESSA 170 A=4*4*12&#39;sunspace glazing area (ft^2) 180 RS=1/(.58*A)&#39;glazing resistance (F-h/Btu) 190 ISF=.8*250*A&#39;full sunspace heatflow (Btu/h) 200 TSF=TDAY+ISF*RS&#39;full sunspace equivalent temp (F) 210 CFM=1000&#39;fan cfm 220 RSER=RS+1/CFM&#39;sunspace series resistance 230 GRAD=800&#39;radiator conductance (Btu/h-F) 240 TAF=140+HTANK/GRAD/HSUN&#39;full sunspace air temp (F) 250 PRINT TSF,TAF,HSUN 260 FSSA=HSUN*(TSF-TAF)/RSER-HTANK&#39;full sunspace air heating (Btu) 270 ISD=.8*A*DSUN/(HDAY-HSUN)&#39;diff sunspace heatflow (Btu/h) 280 TSD=TDAY+ISD*RS&#39;diffuse sunspace equivalent temp (F) 290 ICAP=(TSD-65)/RSER&#39;house cap heatflow (Btu/h) 300 TAD=TSD-ICAP*RS&#39;diff sunspace air temp (F) 310 HDIFF=(ESSA-FSSA)/ICAP&#39;house heating hours) 320 PRINT TSD,TAD,HDIFF 330 HCOLL=HSUN+HDIFF&#39;solar collection hours 340 ESTOR=ESSA-HCOLL*((70-TDAY)*GHOUSE-HTANK/24)&#39;overnight heat (Btu) 350 HCAP=ESTOR/(70-60)&#39;house heat capacity needed (Btu/F) 360 PRINT A,HCAP,HCOLL,HDAY

GHOUSE HELEC HTANK ESSA Avg day electrical tank heat Warm air heat (Btu) heat (Btu) (Btu) heat (Btu)

108364.8 34120 8000 66244.81

TSF TAF HSUN Full sun Sunspace Full sun eq temp (F) temp (F) hours

380.3276 145 2

TSD TAD HDIFF Diff sun Sunspace House heat eq temp (F) air temp (F) hours

138.9483 72.40973 3.65525

A HCAP HCOLL HDAY Glazing House mass Collection daytime area (ft^2) (Btu/F) hours hours

192 4159.546 5.655251 6

The radiator and its fan could be at the top of a vertical duct that returns sunspace air to the lower sunspace without mixing with room air. On cloudy days, pump water up through the radiator to warm the house. A pressurized plastic pipe coil heat exchanger in the tank could heat water for showers, with the help of a greywater heat exchanger.

Air might flow as below, conceptually, with a single fan and an upper motorized sdamper hinged at the bottom (use Honeywell&#39;s 6161B1000 $50 2W damper actuator or a $45 DC gearmotor from Grainger or a windshield wiper motor with limit switches or a 12V damper from an auto heater) that opens inwards up to 90 degrees (moving counterclockwise below) to block room airflow when it is in the horizontal position:

top 2&#39; top ---------------------------- ----------- a. r motor s. | | | d. fa d. | | adamper | a. d a. | | | m. ==> .m | | | .p .p | | sdamper | .e .e | | | .r .r | | | ---------------------------- ----------- 12&#39; ---------------------------- Drawing not to scale. a| r s|s | d| fa d|d | a| d a|a | m|

[Big_Jake]

9/22-23/07, where I&#39;ll be talking about the system

Is there a question somewhere in this, besides who cares?

JK

[Professorr Kilgore]

You&#39;re a complete f****ng idiot. Your numbers are so wrong I do not even know where to start.

[xPosTech]

JK

And you had to quote all this bull s**t?