Never mind about the above. The original post was about putting in some insulation and a heating system.
In order to do the second, the arithmetic on heat loss has to be done. When it is, I would be willing to lay odds (and I never bet on anything but 100% certainties) that the overall difference to the heat loss will be negligible between using 150mm of insulation vs. 300mm given the parameters of the house.
That was your point. Nobody else's.
Air exchange is a normal part of living in a house and is accounted for in normal heating calculations. There is no magic involved.
Physics applies everywhere. The part that varies and what is practicable and sensible depends highly on materials and method of construction.
In this case we are talking about a house of over 150 years old with a very restricted set of things that are going to be done to it. your airtightness nonsense and superinsulation are completely irrelevent to this.
The discussion is about house construction, not the bridge construction with which you are more familiar.