No, unfortunately I can't find one quite like that and I must admit that I'm only speaking from what I've heard others call them. Lathe dogs generally have a tab that is either bent to go into a slot on a faceplate or straight to be driven by a bolt mounted on the faceplate. I've always heard the kind with a fork like the one pictured called grinder or grinding dogs but I don't know why. I can find examples of grinding dogs with 2 forks on them but I must plead ignorance on the differences.
That fits with the pinstriper theory. The screw would be to clamp an adjustable edge guide that you can use to follow an existing stripe or a contour on the body of a car. Sort of like using a rip fence on a circular saw. Here's a modern version:
Best Regards, Keith Marshall snipped-for-privacy@progressivelogic.com
"I'm not grown up enough to be so old!"