As always, lots of good information here. Especially the warnings from Mike M. All of this stuff is too dangerous to take lightly, but the stuff he is talking about I won't even touch.
As far as refinishing metal pedals, I don't really know of anything that will stand up to heavy foot abrasion. In my mind's eye, I can see a virtuoso piano player hammering out the chorus of the 1812 Overture, and jumping up and down on the pedals to be heard.
Very few finishes will hold up to that kind of abrasion, especially when applied over such a hard substrate. I certainly don't know any.
While this may not help the OP, I have refinished brass hardware and it is easy to do if you are patient. I have had great success using a product from the guys at Kwick Kleen as they make a product specifically to put on metal hardware after cleaning and buffing. No etch needed. Good UV resistance, no blushing, and dries quite hard. Comes in a rattle can so you could tape off the pedals and spray in place. As a conversion lacquer, you can clean off the old finish with the proper solvent, and easily touch up the metal after cleaning.
Another product that is great, but no longer available locally (damnit) is PermaLac. That stuff is made for metal specifically, and is a conversion lacquer so it dries quite hard and is very water resistant. In a rattle can as well. Has the same properties as above (easy prep, easy application/renewal of the surface) and I didn't have to pay shipping. Someone carried it around here and I found it at an aircraft specialty finish store where they sell the big boy finishes like Emron and it was considered as the clear "go to' finish for metal.
Since I would be thinking of surface renewal, I would be thinking ease of removal and reapplication, and consider pedal refinishing a maintenance issue rather than thinking of a more permanent solution.
As always, just my 0.02...
Robert