Coax and FDM/TDM rather than baseband in the UK, lots of microwave too.
You could get private copper circuits from BT / PO that were essentially copper pairs that worked down to DC but not usually for circuits of more than 10 or 20 miles.
Isolation of telephony / audio circuits (used for signaling) was a major consideration for HV substations before fibre arrived, hence the use of private microwave / UHF networks in the transmission and distribution utilities.
But it is surprising that a continuous 33kV circuit of 500 miles would be strung with a copper pair for comms. Power line carrier kit has been around for many decades that piggybacks an audio / signaling channel or multiple channels on the HV connection.