What's it for? Traditionally this was a 90 degree elbow in the gas supply to a domestic gas fire containing a screw which could regulate or stop the flow of gas but you needed one or more tools to do this.
As a rule, it and the associated piping was installed about 6" out from the wall and about 6" up from the floor and ran for a couple of feet so was a serious tripping hazard that caused many, many times more deaths from old folks tripping and falling than it saved (if as many as one has been saved), by quenching exploding gas fires.
25 yrs ago I fitted my own gas fire (which had a gas control of it's own) I didn't fit a restrictor elbow. Now the room is to be remodelled and I wonder if I really need to fit one in it's new location, or, as I suspect, do restrictor elbows hark back to the era of soft rubber push on gas pipes (usually well and truly perished) and "gas taps" like the bunsen burners in the labs at school where the price of human life comes cheap. ;-)AFAICR there wasn't even a master gas control in our "chemi" labs with Ca. 30 bunsen burners, not to mention cylinders of compressed gases and sundry dangerous chemicals (cyanides, sodium, phosphorous etc.).
DerekG