No need for the transformer, even. A switch (oscillator) into an inductor will create a "flyback" voltage of pretty much anything you want. It's generally easier to combine the two, though; A "flyback" switch/inductor with a secondary step-up transformer. It's also known as an "ignition coil". ;-)
Something in the dim recess of my memory, AC is much more dangerous, which is why Thomas Edison wanted to make only DC power plants. But, DC doesn't travel down the wire very far. And, so AC won out for power transmission, cause it goes farther. Parts of NYC used to have a power plant every couple blocks, with DC power being supplied to the people.
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DC is worse than AC, with AC there is a momentary time when the voltage/current goes thru zero and muscles can relax and let go(sometimes), With DC there is no such chance.
The benefits of DC are that power losses for the same amount of power received at the far end. are lower. Transformers can't work on DC, and they are necessary to raise the voltage to high levels so current levels can be lower and losses lower. So, until transformers became understood, as Tesla did and Edison didn't, there was that controversy. Only with the advent of transistors capable of switching DC and making it into AC was high voltage long-distance transmission of DC practical.
Guess you've never seen a cattle prod in use. The older ones run on D cells. I think they use 4 or 6 of them. The newer ones seem to be rechargable.
On the other hand, I have gotten zapped with an electric fence many times. Once I was sweating and got it against my forehead. Knocked me right on my ass.
Gee... only took once fer me. That's pretty much the general idea. ;)
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Back in the day, when I was a cop, one or two officers had 6-cell Maglite flashlights. Except that the flashlight contained only FIVE cells. The space formerly taken up by the bottom D-cell contained an, um, "goblin getter," attached to two 1/4" pins in the base of the flashlight.
If the stink-eye wouldn't cooperate by following some simplest request ("Okay, asshole, what is the largest prime number less than 100,000? Eh? Eh?"), he, or rarely she, could be encouraged to follow a righteous path. Sometimes for as long as ten minutes!
In police equipment catalogs, I've seen punk-prods thinly disguised as regulation batons.
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