Some breakers are like that: No idea why but they are. The breaker stopped in an "off", not blown position most likely. When it happens again, feel the breaker levers; if one feels loose, or move more than the others, then it's the "off" position I mentioned above. Flip it all the way off, then flip it back on. It'll probably work.
Don't go pulling breakers out unless you are absolutely sure of what you're doing, and it doesn't sound like you are. That could be a VERY dangerous thing to do!
So if turning the one loose feeling lever breaker off and then on doesn't help, then there may be another issue that requires looking further into the sitution. I'm betting though that it's just one breaker that patially tripped to the off position since you suspect a heavy load as in the vacuum was added to the line when it blew.
As another poster noted, it's possible a wire could be loose inside the breaker box, but that's the exception to the rule for professionally installed systems. It's also highly unlikely to be blasting a hole or whatever was described in that post; something fishy about it. And checking screws for tightness every couple of years is real folly, even stupid, and just not necessary, especially by the inexperienced/uneducated in electrical. A loose wire on a breaker isn't going to "shoot out" of the box or whatever the descrip was.
So, next time start by feeling for a loose feeling breaker lever first. You'll almost certainly find one. If not, then thing about getting someone to figure it out, but mark the breaker so they'll know which one to inspect.
HTH,
Pop